Red Dye No. 3

Red Dye No. 3, also known as erythrosine, is a synthetic red color additive derived from petroleum. It’s used to give a bright, cherry-red hue to a variety of food and drug products like candies, frosting, and certain medications. Recently, there have been significant updates regarding its regulation and associated health risks.

Recent Developments

On January 15, 2025, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a ban on Red Dye No. 3 in food and ingested drugs due to its potential cancer risks. This decision stems from a 2022 petition that highlighted studies showing the dye causing cancer in male rats. The FDA's action is based on the Delaney Clause, which prohibits food additives found to induce cancer in humans or animals, regardless of the amount. Although the way the dye causes cancer in rats doesn't occur in humans, it is still being banned as a precaution.

Food manufacturers have until January 15, 2027, and drug manufacturers until January 18, 2028, to remove Red Dye No. 3 from their products. Some consumer advocacy groups have praised the ban, noting it should have occurred decades ago.

Health Risks

While studies have primarily linked the dye to cancer in rats, there are additional concerns about Red Dye No. 3, particularly regarding attention and behavioral issues in children and potential reproductive system damage. Researchers suggest that it's a harmful additive and recommend avoiding it if possible.

Foods and Drugs Containing Red Dye No. 3

The dye is most commonly found in:

Candies: Products like Pez, Ring Pops, and certain fruit-flavored candies.
Baked Goods: Frostings, icings, cupcakes, and similar items.
Dairy: Nesquik strawberry milk and similar flavored drinks.
Medications: Some over-the-counter drugs, such as certain formulations of Tylenol.

Global Perspective

Other countries still permit certain uses of Red Dye No. 3, but imported foods must meet the new U.S. requirements.

Conclusion

While the FDA ban on Red Dye No. 3 marks a significant step towards consumer safety, it's essential to note that many common foods and medications still contain this additive. Awareness and informed choices are critical in navigating these changes as manufacturers phase out its use.